Understanding Degenerative Disc Disease in Dogs: Symptoms, Treatment, and Life Expectancy

Watching your dog struggle to walk or show signs of pain is one of the hardest things a pet owner can go through. If your dog has been moving slower, limping, or even showing discomfort when you pick them up, it could be due to degenerative disc disease in dogs (DDD). This condition happens when the discs in your dog's spine start to wear down, leading to pain, mobility issues, and sometimes paralysis. But the good news is that with the right care, your dog doesn't have to suffer in silence.

In this blog, we'll dive into how degenerative disc disease affects dogs, what signs to watch for, and how it can be treated so your dog can live their best life.

Key Takeaways:

• What intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) looks like: How to spot the symptoms early.

• How to treat it: From rest to surgery, there are options to help your dog feel better.

• What to expect: Understanding the prognosis and life expectancy for dogs with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD).

What Is Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) in Dogs?

If you've ever wondered what's happening inside your dog's body when they start to show signs of back pain or weakness, the culprit might be degenerative disc disease (DDD).

To put it simply, DDD is a condition where the discs between your dog's vertebrae (the bones in their spine) begin to break down over time. These discs act like cushions, keeping the spine flexible and protecting the spinal cord. But as they degenerate, they can cause pain, affect your dog's ability to move, and in some cases, put pressure on the spinal cord, leading to nerve damage.

Two main types of IVDD or intervertebral disc disease affect dogs:

• Type I: This is the more sudden, acute form, where the disc ruptures or bulges rapidly, often causing immediate pain and potentially paralysis.

• Type II: This one happens more gradually, with the discs slowly bulging over time and putting pressure on the spinal cord.

No matter the type, the underlying cause is similar: the disc material starts to lose its strength and flexibility, which leads to compression and pain along the spine.

Prevalence and Risk Factors

You might be wondering how common degenerative disc disease in dogs really is and if certain dogs are more likely to be affected. Here's a quick overview of the prevalence and risk factors associated with DDD in dogs:

Key Statistics:

• 2% of dogs will face some form of intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in their lifetime.

• French Bulldogs have the highest odds of IVDD among purebred dogs.

Risk Factors:

Risk Factor	Details
Breed	Dachshunds, Bassets, and Corgis are at higher risk due to genetic predisposition and body structure.
Age	Dogs between 3-7 years old are most likely to show symptoms. The condition becomes more prevalent as dogs age.
Gender	Male dogs are more prone to developing IVDD, particularly those with certain genetic traits.

Symptoms of Degenerative Disc Disease in Dogs

Recognizing intervertebral disc disease in dogs early on can make a world of difference in treatment options. If you're noticing any changes in your dog's behavior or if they aren't being able to walk normally, here are some signs to watch for:

Early Signs:

• Reluctance to jump: If your dog suddenly refuses to jump onto the couch or bed, it could be a sign of discomfort in their back.

• Stiffness or limping: A sudden limp or stiffness in the hind legs may indicate pain from pressure on the spine.

• Changes in posture: You might see your dog adopting a hunched back or walking with a stiff gait.

Advanced Symptoms:

• Difficulty walking or dragging limbs: If your dog starts dragging their legs or seems uncoordinated, it could signify a compression of the spinal cord.

• Severe pain: If your dog yelps when touched, especially around their lower back or neck, it's a strong indication of pain from the disc herniation.

• Loss of bladder or bowel control: This can happen if the pressure on the spinal cord is severe and affects the nerves responsible for bladder or bowel function.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it's essential to get your dog checked by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Early intervention can help manage the condition and prevent further damage to the spine.

Diagnosis of DDD in Dogs

If you suspect your dog is suffering from degenerative disc disease, the first step is to see a veterinarian. A thorough diagnosis is crucial to determine the extent of the condition and the best course of action for treatment. Here's what the diagnostic process typically involves:

1. Physical Examination:

The vet will start by checking your dog's posture, movement, and reflexes. They'll gently feel along your dog's back and spine to see if there's any pain or tenderness in certain areas.

2. Neurological Exam:

A neurologic exam is done to assess how well your dog's nervous system is functioning. This helps determine if there's any nerve damage, especially if your dog is having trouble moving their limbs or showing signs of paralysis.

3. Imaging Tests:

• X-rays: These are commonly used to check for signs of disc degeneration or any bone-related issues that might be causing pain.

• MRI: If your vet suspects that there's more soft tissue damage (like a herniated disc), they may recommend an MRI. This detailed scan helps visualize disc material that could be pressing on the spinal cord.

While a physical exam can give the vet a general idea, imaging is key to confirming the diagnosis and pinpointing the problem.

What Are the Best Treatment Options for Dog Degenerative Disc Disease

If your dog is diagnosed with DDD, don't panic. There are several treatment options to help manage their condition and improve their quality of life. Depending on the severity of the disease, your veterinarian may recommend one or a combination of the following:

1. Conservative Treatment

For mild to moderate cases, conservative treatment can be very effective. This includes:

• Rest: Limiting your dog's activity to ensure they do not cause further damage to the discs.

• Pain Relief: Giving your dog prescribed anti-inflammatory medication to reduce swelling.

• Physical Therapy: Gentle exercises to help your dog's strength and mobility.

2. Surgical Intervention

In more severe cases, a dog suffering from intervertebral disc disease may require surgery to correct the problem. Surgery may be needed if:

• The dog is in severe pain that isn't relieved with medication.

• There is noticeable paralysis or difficulty walking that doesn't improve with conservative methods.

• There is a ruptured disc or significant herniation that's pressing on the spinal cord.

There are different types of surgery depending on the type of disc disease:

• Discectomy: Removal of the herniated disc to relieve pressure.

• Laminectomy: Removal of a part of the vertebra to create more space for the spinal cord.

3. Post-Surgery Care

If your dog undergoes spinal surgery, the recovery process is crucial. You'll need to follow your vet's instructions carefully following surgery to ensure a smooth recovery. This may include restricted activity, follow-up visits, and possibly more bodywork therapy to help your dog regain strength.

Life Expectancy and Prognosis for Dogs with Degenerative Disc Disease

If your dog has been diagnosed with degenerative disc disease, one of the first things you might wonder is, "What's their future looking like?" The prognosis for dogs with IVDD varies depending on several factors, but with the right care, many dogs can live comfortable, fulfilling lives.

1. Prognosis with Treatment

• Conservative Treatment: For dogs with mild to moderate IVDD symptoms, rest and medication often lead to significant improvements. Many dogs return to their regular activities, though they may need ongoing management to prevent flare-ups.

• Surgery: If surgery is required, the outcome depends on how quickly the dog receives treatment after the symptoms of IVDD begin. Dogs that undergo surgery for IVDD often have a good prognosis, especially if the surgery is done early enough. Many dogs make a full recovery and regain their ability to walk and enjoy life. However, some dogs may need a longer recovery period or may not regain full function.

2. Factors That Affect Life Expectancy

• Severity of the Condition: The earlier you catch the disease, the better. Dogs with severe cases of IVDD may experience longer-term issues, even with timely diagnosis and treatment.

• Age: IVDD is an age-related degenerative condition. Older dogs may not recover as fully as younger dogs, especially if other health problems are present. However, dogs with IVDD in their later years can still live comfortably with proper care.

• Breed: Smaller breeds, like Dachshunds, may be more likely to experience early degenerative changes, but this doesn't always mean they will have a worse outcome. Larger breeds, like the German Shepherd, can also develop IVDD, and their recovery may depend on how quickly they receive treatment.

3. Managing a Dog with IVDD Long-Term

While IVDD is a chronic disc condition, many dogs manage it well with ongoing care. This might include:

• Regular vet check-ups.

• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress surrounding the spinal cord.

• Adjusting their lifestyle to prevent overexertion and accidents.

Ultimately, the goal is to keep your dog as comfortable as possible while managing symptoms and preventing further damage to the spinal cord.

Preventive Measures and Care Tips

While you can't fully prevent degenerative disc disease in dogs, there are several things you can do to help reduce the risk and manage the condition more effectively. Here are some practical steps you can take to keep your dog comfortable and active while living with intervertebral disc disease:

1. Weight Management

Extra weight puts more pressure on your dog's spine, which can worsen the gradual degenerative process. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight helps reduce strain on their back and joints.

2. Regular, Low-Impact Exercise

Regular, light exercise like walking or swimming helps strengthen your dog's muscles, providing more support for their spine. It also keeps their joints flexible, which can prevent stiffness or discomfort that the disease causes.

3. Home Modifications

Small changes around your home can make a big difference in preventing unnecessary stress on your dog's back. These can include:

• Using ramps or stairs: If your dog has trouble jumping onto the couch or bed, a ramp or stairs can help.

• Installing non-slip floors: Smooth, slippery floors can increase the risk of falling and worsening the herniation of the disc. Adding rugs or non-slip mats can provide more grip.

• Orthopedic bedding: A supportive bed can ease pressure on your dog's spine while they sleep.

4. Avoiding Sudden, Intense Movements

Sudden twists, jerks, or falls can worsen discs and compressions. Be mindful of how your dog moves, and avoid situations that encourage sudden, sharp movements.

By keeping your dog active in a safe, controlled way and managing their weight, you can give them the best chance for a long, happy life while keeping their clinical symptoms at bay.

When to Consult a Veterinarian

If you notice signs of IVDD in dogs, it's important to consult a vet right away. Early treatment can prevent further damage and improve your dog's comfort, often without surgery. These signs can include:

• Difficulty walking or dragging legs: If your dog can't walk properly or is dragging their back legs, it's a sign that the spine is weakened by IVDD.

• Pain or discomfort: Yelping when touched in parts of the back or a hunched posture could indicate painful symptoms of DDD.

• Loss of coordination or bladder control: Trouble walking or incontinence may suggest nerve involvement due to a slipped disc or pressure on the spinal cord.

At-Risk Dogs:

Breeds of dogs that are more prone to be diagnosed with IVDD should be monitored more closely as they age.

Early intervention leads to better outcomes, so if you spot these signs, reach out to your vet for help.

FAQs

Can Degenerative Disc Disease Be Cured in Dogs?

While degenerative disc disease can't be fully cured, many dogs live comfortably with the right treatment. Conservative care (rest, pain management, and physical therapy) or surgery can often manage symptoms and help dogs regain mobility.

Is Surgery Always Necessary?

Not always. If the condition is caught early and the symptoms are mild, non-surgical treatment like rest and medication can work well. Surgery is considered when there's severe pain or paralysis that doesn't improve with conservative care.

Can My Dog Live a Normal Life with DDD?

Yes, many dogs go on to live full, active lives after treatment. Early intervention and ongoing management are key to keeping your dog comfortable and mobile.

What Happens if My Dog Doesn't Get Treatment for IVDD?

Without treatment, degenerative disc disease can worsen, leading to paralysis or permanent nerve damage. It's important to act early to prevent these severe outcomes.

Conclusion

Dealing with degenerative disc disease can be tough, but the good news is that with the right care, your dog can still live a comfortable life. Whether it's through medication, rest, physical therapy, or in some cases, IVDD surgery, early detection and treatment make all the difference.

If you notice any signs of intervertebral disc disease in your dog, don't wait—reach out to your vet right away. At Peaceful Veterinary Care, we're here to guide you through every step, offering compassionate in-home care and support to help your pet live comfortably.

Your dog deserves the best care, and we're here to provide it.